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Why cat teeth and gum care are so important
Anatomy and function of the gingiva in cats
The gingiva is made up of different layers, including the epithelium and connective tissue, which is firmly attached to the bone in which the tooth is located. The anatomical features of the gingiva in cats are important to understand changes and diseases. The gingiva fulfils various functions, such as protecting the tooth bed from injury, sealing the gum pockets and supporting tooth stability. It also plays a role in nutrition and body defence.
Common diseases of the gingiva in cats
- Gingivitis: An inflammation of the gingiva that can be caused by plaque accumulation, tartar build-up or systemic diseases.
- Periodontitis: A progressive inflammation affecting the gums, surrounding tissue and periodontium.
- Gingival hyperplasia: An excessive thickening of the gingiva that can lead to gingival overgrowth.
- Gingival abscesses: Purulent collections in the gingiva that can cause pain and discomfort.
Problems with the gingiva in cats can manifest themselves in various ways. Here are some common signs that may indicate that the gingiva is affected:
- Redness and swelling of the gingiva: Inflammation of the gingiva can lead to visible changes, such as redness and swelling of the gums. This can be particularly visible around the base of the tooth.
- Bleeding gums: Inflamed gingiva can be sensitive and bleed easily when touched or chewed. Bleeding can occur either during tooth cleaning or spontaneously.
- Mouth odour: Inflammation and infection of the gingiva can lead to an unpleasant mouth odour. This can be an indication of advanced gingivitis or periodontitis.
- Changes in eating behaviour: Cats with gingival problems may have difficulty eating or show chewing difficulties. This may indicate pain or discomfort when chewing.
- Tartar build-up: A build-up of tartar along the gum line can be a sign of problems in the gingiva. Tartar is a hard deposit caused by mineralised plaque that can irritate the gums.
- Tooth loss: Advanced gingival disease can lead to loosening and loss of teeth. This is a serious sign of advanced periodontitis
It is important to note that cats often try to hide pain when they have dental problems. Therefore, the above symptoms may be subtle and may only become more obvious in advanced stages of the disease. Regular examinations of the oral cavity by a vet are therefore crucial to recognise and treat problems at an early stage.
Diagnosis and treatment
Diagnosis of gingival disease involves a thorough examination of the oral cavity, imaging and tissue biopsies if necessary. Treatment may include professional teeth cleaning, administration of antibiotics, surgical procedures or other specific measures.
Prevention and oral hygiene
Regular dental hygiene and preventative measures are crucial to maintaining gingival health in cats. This includes regular tooth brushing, the use of specialised dental care products and regular veterinary examinations.
